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France 2 () is a French public national television channel. It is part of the state-owned France Télévisions group, along with France 3, France 4, France 5 and France Ô. France Télévisions also participates in ARTE, EuroNews, several cable/satellite thematic channels, and Mediamétrie. Since 03:20 CET on 7 April 2008, all France 2 programming has been broadcast in 16:9 widescreen format〔(France 2 goes 16:9 widescreen : Broadband TV News )〕 over the analog SECAM air frequencies and the French DVB-T multiplex frequencies (known as Television Numerique Terrestre). An HD version of France 2 has been broadcasting via DVB-S Service CanalSat since 1 July 2008 and on DVB-T since 30 October 2008.〔(France 2 HD launches on CanalSat : Broadband TV News )〕 ==History== Originally under the ownership of the RTF, the channel went on the air for the first time on 21 December 1963 as ''RTF Télévision 2''. Within a year, ORTF was rebranded as ''La Deuxième Chaîne'' (The Second Channel). Originally, the network was broadcast on 625-line transmitters only in preparation for the discontinuation of 819-line black & white transmissions and the introduction of color. The switch to color occurred at 14:15 CET on 1 October 1967, using the SECAM system. ''La Deuxième Chaîne'' became the first color television channel in France – TF1 would not commence color broadcasting on 625-lines until several years later. Such technology later allowed the network to air programming in NICAM stereo (compatible with SECAM). The present channel is the direct successor of Antenne 2, established under a 1974 law that mandated the breakup of ORTF into seven distinct organisations. Three television "programme corporations" were established in 1975 – TF1, Antenne 2 and FR3, now France 3 – alongside Radio France, the production corporation Société française de production, the public broadcasting agency TéléDiffusion de France and the Institut national de l'audiovisuel. Antenne 2 and the other corporations were constituted as limited companies with the state controlling 100% of their capital. Although the three channels were set up as competitors vying for advertisers, they retained a collective monopoly over television broadcasting in France that was not repealed until 1981. Privately owned channels such as Canal+ and La Cinq (now superseded by France 5) soon became major competitors to the state-owned channels after the state monopoly was lifted.〔Rigourd, Serge. "France", in ''Western Broadcasting at the Dawn of the 21st Century'', pp. 255, 270. Eds. Haenens, Leen; Saeys, Frieda. Walter de Gruyter, 2001. ISBN 3-11-017386-7〕 The breakup of ORTF had been intended to stimulate competition between the public channels but failed in this aim; both TF1 and Antenne 2 came to rely on a diet of popular entertainment shows alongside cheap American imports, seeking to maximise ratings and attract advertisers.〔Looseley, David. ''Popular Music in Contemporary France: Authenticity, Politics, Debate'', p. 122. Berg Publishers, 2003. ISBN 1-85973-636-X〕 TF1 was privatised in 1987, radically affecting the balance of the French television market. The remaining state-owned channels came under severe pressure from their private competitors and lost 30% of their market share between 1987 and 1989.〔Rollet, Brigitte. "Television in France", in ''Television in Europe'', pp. 39–40. Eds. Coleman, James A.; Rollet, Brigitte. Intellect Books, 1997. ISBN 1-871516-92-7〕 In an effort to save them, a single director-general was appointed to manage both Antenne 2 and FR3 and the two channels merged to form the France Télévisions group. They were renamed in 1992 as France 2 and France 3 respectively.〔Hart, Jeffrey A. ''Technology, Television, and Competition: The Politics of Digital TV'', p. 46. Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-521-82624-1〕 By 1995, the combined audience share of the two state-owned channels was 41%, with France 2 in particular being heavily dependent on advertising and sponsorship revenues, which comprised 43.8% of its budget by 1996. The focus on ratings led to strong rivalry with TF1, for instance prompting the two channels to broadcast popular shows and news programmes in the same timeslots. TF1 and France 2 compete for the same demographics; dramas (including American imports), game shows and light entertainments form the dominant mix on both channels.〔Scriven, Michael; Lecomte, Monia. ''Television Broadcasting in Contemporary France and Britain'', p. 46, 51. Berghahn Books, 1999. ISBN 1-57181-754-9〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「France 2」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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